Cognitive Dissonance: Hard to Fire Yourself; Easy to Fire Your Manager by Wesley R. Gray, Ph.D., Alpha Architect, Author, Quantitative Value: A Practitioner’s Guide to Automating Intelligent Investment and Eliminating Behavioral Errors
Looking for Someone to Blame: Delegation, Cognitive Dissonance, and the Disposition Effect
- Chang, Solomon, Westerfield
- A version of the paper can be found here.
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Abstract:
We analyze brokerage data and an experiment to test a cognitive-dissonance based theory of trading: investors avoid realizing losses because they dislike admitting that past purchases were mistakes, but delegation reverses this effect by allowing the investor to blame the manager instead. Using individual trading...

