How Much Money Do You Need To Invest In A Hedge Fund (Guide)

A hedge fund is a potentially very lucrative way for high-net-worth individuals to increase their wealth. They have several differences in comparison to more traditional mutual funds. Investment in a hedge fund can come with a greater return but at a higher higher risk. After reading this, people often have thoughts about investing. That leads to the question of how much money you need to invest in a hedge fund.

For individual investors, your annual income in the past two years must surpass $200,000, or $300,000 if you are married. If not, your net worth must be at least $1 million. After you fulfill one of these conditions you can be accredited as a hedge fund investor.

The high prerequisites are set to keep lower-income individuals from the risk of losing all their money. Also, hedge funds prefer to work with fewer investors that have higher levels of liquid assets to work with. To learn more about minimum requirements to invest in the hedge fund, and how to start investing, stay with us.

What Is A Hedge Fund Investment?

When you invest in a hedge fund, you practically pool your liquid assets like cash, stocks, or bonds with other investors. The hedge fund manager uses those assets to invest on their behalf. Managers closely monitor the market and try to take advantage of noticeable market opportunities.

The key is that the investors get a high rate of return on their investment. That is one of the differences when compared to the mutual funds. Hedge fund managers aim for those high-risk types of investments that have higher potential returns. That way the investor can earn a lot more, but is also at a higher risk of losing their investment.

The hedge fund manager fees are also substantial, and it is known as a 2/20 package. That means that the manager’s fee is 2% of the fund’s assets. The manager also gets an additional 20% performance fee for any profits that come above the agreed sum.

Before investing in a hedge fund, the investor should know the limitations of redeeming shares. That means that monetizing their gain is limited to 4 times annually. This is ideal for investors who can invest their assets for an extended time. Also, there are lockup periods when the investors cannot access their investments.

There are 5 main types of hedge funds, and they come with their risks and benefits. Every type of hedge fund employs a variety of strategies to gain an advantage and make correct investment decisions. The investors should know their characteristics before they decide to invest in a certain type of hedge fund. Also, they should make a judgment about the fund manager and their trustworthiness.

• Long/short equity hedge funds.

A long equity investment is a type of investment where the fund manager buys shares in the companies that are expected to increase in the long run. A short equity investment focuses on buying shares of companies that will lose value. The managers borrow shares and sell them at their current price. Then they return to buy those shares when their value drops. The managers then can return them to the lender and earn a profit. These funds try to use the best from both (long and short investment) worlds to get the highest profits. This approach has its issues. The long equity shares may not perform that well and do not return the expected value. Short equity investment brings a lot of risk. If the borrowed stock gains value, the manager will end up selling for more than they invested, resulting in a failure

• Global macro hedge funds.

When managers employ this strategy they aim to gain profit from the market changes caused by the greater political or economic events. They take on the risk of predicting the result of these events, and how that can impact the market. Managers pick a side based on thorough research. Then they can only hope everything will unfold in the right way

• Relative value hedge funds.

This type of hedge fund tends to identify and exploit the price difference between several assets like currencies, bonds, or stocks. This anomalies are often monitored in the same company. This can happen in the case of a merger when it is expected that prices be traded at the same level, but there are other short-term differences. Sometimes the price of shares is less affected, while bonds take a major hit. Then the fund manager buys bonds and plays them long, while it takes them short with the shares

• Activist hedge funds.

In these types of funds, the fund manager takes an active role in a particular company. The goal can be to change its strategy, and leadership, or to push it into sales, or a merger. This way the manager pushes the company in the right direction so it can make bigger profits

• Trend following/CTA hedge funds.

Trend-following strategies are usually used by commodity trading advisors. They follow the market, and based on thorough research determine when a trend has been formed in a certain market. They are very diversified and focus on stocks, bonds, equities, commodities, or currencies. They look to gain both long and short-term. And also they use futures contracts that are exchange-traded.

Prerequisites: Who Can Invest in Hedge Funds?

To invest in the hedge fund an individual must be accredited. To gain accreditation, there are two prerequisites: liquid net worth, and annual income. It is enough to fulfill one of these conditions and the person can get accreditation.

Liquid Net Worth

To become a private hedge fund investor a person must have a net worth of at least $1 million. This doesn’t include the value of a person’s primary residence. The bar is set high so the investor can take a hit in case of a failed investment.

Another reason for this high level of individual net worth is that investors often borrow money to invest. That way they are increasing their risk. The investor can lose the invested amount and also have to pay the loan back with interest.

Annual Income Requirements

To get investment fund accreditation, a person has a certain level of annual income. In the case of a hedge fund, that bar is set to $200,000 or $300,000 in case the investor is married. This level of annual income needs to be fulfilled for at least the last two years. This way the investors guarantee that they have regular substantial income that can withstand investment in high-risk opportunities.

Hedge Fund Minimum Investment

Hedge fund minimum investment varies on the fund. Some funds have set a limit at $100,000 while specific larger hedge funds set the bar at 2$ million or even more.

Why Hedge Funds Require Significant Initial Investments

Hedge funds are often balancing acts, where hedge fund managers need to take huge risks to end up with significant profits. Rarely do people who invest in safe and secure projects earn much in the short term. With hedge funds, the investor must be aware of the risks that come with the investment. They may earn a lot, but can also lose everything.

That is the main reason why hedge funds require significant initial investments. An investor must have a high and stable source of income, or it just must have enough money in the bank account. If the investment goes bad, the investor must have something to lean on. That is one of the risks of hedge fund investment.

Leverage and Its Impact on Hedge Fund Investments

To generate a significant increase in returns, hedge funds use several forms of leverage. The leverage can increase your gains, but can also magnify your losses. Hedge funds frequently use leverage from 2:1 to 10:1 ratio. That means that the share of their investment varies from 50% to just 10%.

Hedge funds create leverage in different ways, with different outcomes:

• Borrowing funds from external sources.

The hedge fund utilizes a credit line from a third party. This is a good strategy as long as the underlying security has increased in value. If the investment heads into a downward spiral, a credit line can generate massive losses

• Buying on a margin.

When buying on a margin, an investor is borrowing money from the broker to purchase securities. This way the investor can buy more stocks and generate extra gains. In the same manner, it can lead to massive losses. To trade on a margin, you need a margin account

• Derivative trading.

A financial derivative is a contract between two or more parties. The derivative value is based on the value of the underlying securities. Common securities used for derivative trading are stocks, currencies, and commodities. The price of the securities used in a contract is based on their fluctuating price. In derivative trading, traders speculate on the future price of the securities. They buy or sell contracts to achieve higher gains when compared to flatly buying the underlying securities. The derivatives can be traded on the exchange or over the counter (OTC).

Prospective Returns and Risks

In comparison to other, long-only mutual funds, the hedge fund can utilize high-risk strategies. Those strategies include derivate trading, short selling, or leverage. These strategies have the sole purpose of improving the risk/reward ratio of the investment.

Of course, you cannot always expect to achieve high returns. Often, hedge funds invest in the same types of securities that are available to other investors. That makes it difficult to achieve high annual returns. To achieve a higher return, you need to choose a perspective manager and utilize good timely strategy.

Investing in a hedge fund also offers diversification benefits. If an investor has several types of different investments, a specific hedge fund investment that has a positive return reduces overall portfolio risk.

Hedge funds are known as risky investments that have a specific vibe and reputation. Yes, some benefits allow hedge fund investors to accumulate massive returns, but that comes with a series of risks:

• Investment risks.

Hedge funds like other types of investments have liquidity and manager risks. Liquidity risks refer to the possibility of converting securities into cash. Hedge funds usually allow investors 4 times a year to acquire their securities. Also, there are lockup periods, when investors need to forget about their investment. Even if the case they earn, they cannot use the securities. These periods can last between 1 and 3 years. The investors are also at risk of losing their whole investment. In the offering memorandum, the hedge fund notes that in the case the investor loses all its money, it cannot hold the hush fund responsible.

• Lack of regulation and transparency.

Unlike some other types of funds and institutions, hedge funds are not properly regulated. They are private entities that have fewer requirements for public disclosure. The lack of regulations and transparency can lead to other risks.

• Fraud risk.

Since hedge funds lack strict regulation of a mutual fund, the risk of fraud is increased. Hedge funds don’t have strict report practices, which opens gaps for fraud at a much higher level. There are numerous examples where hedge fund managers swindled investors out of their money and used it to lead a rich and luxurious life. In other cases, they used the money in hedge funds to cover the constant loss of the fund.

• Concentration risk.

This risk is tied to the strategy of focusing on specific types of markets or investments. This type of strategy is a double-edged sword. In case the investments are grouped in the same market, a sudden market decline can destroy the complete investment. On the other hand, some investors are looking to diversify their investment portfolios. If all their investments are thickly packed in the same industry, the investor will miss out on investment diversification.

• Performance risks.

Since the 2008 financial crisis, investing in hedge funds has not been kept in so high regard. There are several reasons for that. Some of them are the formation of interest rates, credit spreads, and government intervention. Those factors made it difficult even for skillful managers to accomplish high returns.

• Massive use of leverage.

Hedge fund managers often use leverage. Although it is a common hedge fund strategy it can often nullify the investment.

Seeking Professional Advice Before Investing in Hedge Funds

If you are looking to invest in Hedge funds, you must get acquainted with the hedge fund terminology. From there you learn everything you need to know. You should learn the types of hedge funds, their strategies, risks, and how a good hedge fund manager multiplies the investment.

Once you decide to invest, you need to answer 4 key questions:

• Where do the hedge fund investments fit into your investment portfolio?

You need to take a closer look at the hedges fund strategy and what assets are they investing into. For example, if you already invested in bonds, and want to diversify the investment, look for a hedge fund that will do just that

• Understanding the investment strategy.

Managers can employ different strategies. Each investment strategy comes with its risk rate and its potential return. You should inspect what strategies the manager used most often and what is its success rate

• Hedge fund liquidity rate.

In comparison to mutual funds, hedge funds don’t offer daily liquidity. This means that your investment is locked and you cannot convert it into currency when you want. Depending on the manager and the fund, they will offer redemption terms. They can come on a monthly or quarterly basis. In some cases, redemptions are possible after several years after investment. Also, when an investor wishes to redeem it needs to give a written notice about it in advance. This notice should be created 30 to 90 days before the redemption. This period also varies between hedge funds. So, taking out your investment and converting it differs between funds

• Hedge fund fee structure.

We mentioned that most hedge funds use a 2/20 package, and some hedge funds have some leniency on the fee. The newer or lower funds often have a lower fee in the range of 1%. On the other hand, there are high-performing funds that require higher fees. Incentive fees for high-performing investments are 15%-20% of funds agreed profits. But, like with manager fees, incentive fees can differ from fund to fund.

If you are serious about investing in hedge funds, you should think about getting a hedge fund mentor. You can even browse for them online. Check their reputation, experience, and how other students perceive them. There is no better way to learn about hedge funds and investing than from an experienced hedge fund manager.

Since a lot of money can be at stake, paying for a mentor is not such a big deal. If you cover the bases properly you will be able to change your life for a relatively small amount of money.

Alternatives to Hedge Fund Investments

In case you don’t enjoy the high-risk game of hedge fund investment, or you just want to take a look into other venturing options we will mention the most popular hedge fund alternatives:

• Private equity.

This type of investment refers to investing in private-held companies that are not listed on the exchange market. There are three types of private equity investments:

• • Venture capital investing.

This encompasses investing in start-ups or companies in the early stages of development

• • Growth equity.

This is an investment into a well-developed company that is on the rise

• • Buyouts.

Unlike venture capital investing and growth equity, when conducting a buyout you need to purchase a majority of stakes in a company. Mature companies that are struggling are often a target of a buyout. To achieve a return on these investments, the company must go through several processes. Those include operation improvements, mandatory debt amortization, and in the end multiple expansion

• Real assets.

This is a wide group of investments. It includes real estate, land, buildings, infrastructure, and means of transport. In this group also comes the physical assets like artwork and collectibles

• Cryptocurrency.

This digital type of investment is seen as an alternative to traditional investments like bonds or stocks. It is liable to many risks, and its value is suspectable to sudden drops in value

• Commodities.

In the commodities group are natural resources like oil, gas, precious metals, and agricultural products. This type of investment is highly dependent on a global supply and demand ratio. Changes in these markets are often under pressure from changes caused by greater political or economic events. These events often have nothing to do with the state of the market.

FAQs

What Are the Most Common Reasons for Investing in Hedge Funds?

1. Investment diversification.

Investing in hedge funds, and the diverse array of securities they use offers a new and safe way of investing when inflation goes up. Although investing in a hedge fund comes with its risks, a diversified portfolio is a much bigger gain

2. Protection from inflation.

With inflation comes price dislocations, central banks are more proactive, and have higher volatility. All these factors bring new opportunities. Hedge funds tend to better utilize these conditions than traditional assets, like bonds, and stocks

3. Hedge fund versatility.

The hedge funds and their investment pools allow them the flexibility to use a vast number of trading strategies.

What Are the Best Hedge Funds to Invest In?

There are over 30,000 hedge funds in the world, while over 65% of them are located in the United States. Choosing a hedge fund to invest in is difficult. The first information you should be looking at is the level of total assets under management (AUM). These 10 hedge funds have the highest levels of AUM in the United States:

Hedge Fund	Assets under management
Bridgewater Associates	$124,317,200,000
Renaissance Technologies	$106,026,795,439
AQR Capital Management	$94,523,700,000
Two Sigma	$67,471,220,893
Millennium Management	$57,670,000,000
Citadel	$51,573,787,000
Tiger Global Management	$51,000,000,000
D.E. Shaw	$45,772,700,000
Coatue Management	$42,338,946,229
Davidson Kempner	$40,800,000,000

How to Start a Hedge Fund?

Starting a hedge fund is challenging, and you need to go through the detailed process of planning, organizing, and financing this venture.

1. Learn about hedge funds.

If you want to form a hedge fund you need to know as much about them as possible. It is not as simple as a bond or a stock market that you can cover a lot faster

2. Check the laws.

The laws of the state where you want to start the hedge fund are essential. Laws regarding hedge funds may differ in the states from which your investors come. All these factors in. Today, hedge funds are a bit more legally regulated, and you will need to create a mission statement, a compliance manual, an ethical code of conduct, a manual for supervisory procedures, and an advisor portfolio management agreement. To legally start a hedge fund you will need to register with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Also, you should register with the regulatory bodies of the state in which you will start a hedge fund. To help you get through all the legal issues you can hire a lawyer, or you can try to use a hedge fund formation template service. These can cut the costs of forming a startup, and you can use the same templates that the lawyers use

3. Organize.

Most hedge funds are organized as limited liability companies (LLCs) or limited liability partnerships (LLPs). If you were a hedge fund manager you would be a general partner, while all the investors are noted as limited partners. An LLC organization will protect your assets in case the fund declares bankruptcy or is sued. But, to be able to organize a legal partnership, you must register the company as an investment adviser. To do so you can complete this process on the Investment Adviser Registration Depository website

4. Cover the initial costs.

Starting a hedge fund demands a lot more money than most start-ups. In the first year, the costs of running a hedge fund can go well over $1 million. Most of the costs are used on the salaries of lawyers, financial advisors, and consultants. Also, every hedge fund must have a chief operating officer (COO). Their annual salary is on average $120,000, but it can easily rise to $200,000

5. Raise the capital.

For the hedge fund to be attractive to a potential investor, it must have at least $5 million in assets under management (AUM). Serious investors will look even further, with AUM figures rising to $20 million. Raising the capital is somewhat difficult for the hedge fund. The main reason for that is prohibited from using public advertising to attract investors. That is why hedge funds are marketed in closed connected networks, amongst friends, family, or business associates. Often, first bigger investors get reduced fees or an ownership part in the hedge fund. The first capital in most hedge funds is usually the founder’s savings, and investments from family, friends, and colleagues. Choosing a marketing agency to attract investors is a good choice. You will have additional fees, but these agencies are already in business and know the best way to start bringing in investments.

Final Considerations

Although hedge funds have lost some of their popularity from before 2008. they are still a powerful way to invest. Their offer of portfolio diversification, the use of multiple and unconventional trading strategies, is something that the investors cannot find anywhere else.

Yes, hedge fund investments come with a certain level of risk, but also, they can also bring solid returns on investments. They are more resilient to market swings, and once you get the taste of hedge funds, it can become addictive.